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перевод bsdlabel(8)
- To: frdp@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Subject: перевод bsdlabel(8)
- From: Denis Barov <dindin@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Tue, 12 Dec 2006 16:24:27 +0300
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Собственно, перевод. Жду замечаний.
С уважением, Денис Баров.
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)disklabel.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
.\" $FreeBSD: src/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8,v 1.60.2.3 2006/10/16 12:07:45 ru Exp $
.\"
.Dd October 13, 2006
.Dt BSDLABEL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm bsdlabel
.Nd read and write BSD label
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl A
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Nm
.Fl w
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl B Op Fl b Ar boot
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Op Ar type
.Nm
.Fl e
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl B Op Fl b Ar boot
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Nm
.Fl R
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl B Op Fl b Ar boot
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Op Fl f
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Ar protofile
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility
installs, examines or modifies the
.Bx
label on a disk partition, or on a file containing a partition image.
In addition,
.Nm
can install bootstrap code.
.Ss Disk Device Name
When specifying the device (i.e., when the
.Fl f
option is not used),
the
.Pa /dev/
path prefix may be omitted;
the
.Nm
utility will automatically prepend it.
.Ss General Options
The
.Fl A
option enables processing of the historical parts of the
.Bx
label.
If the option is not given, suitable values are set for these fields.
.Pp
The
.Fl f
option tells
.Nm
that the program will operate on a file instead of a disk partition.
.Pp
The
.Fl n
option stops the
.Nm
program right before the disk would have been modified, and displays
the result instead of writing it.
.Pp
The
.Fl m Ar machine
argument forces
.Nm
to use a layout suitable for a different architecture.
Current valid values are
.Cm i386 , amd64 , ia64 , pc98 ,
and
.Cm alpha .
If this option is omitted,
.Nm
will use a layout suitable for the current machine.
.Ss Reading the Disk Label
To examine the label on a disk drive, use
.Nm
without options:
.Pp
.Nm
.Op Fl A
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk
.Pp
.Ar disk
represents the disk in question, and may be in the form
.Pa da0
or
.Pa /dev/da0 .
It will display the partition layout.
.Ss Writing a Standard Label
To write a standard label, use the form
.Pp
.Nm
.Fl w
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk
.Op Ar type
.Pp
If the drive type is specified, the entry of that name in the
.Xr disktab 5
file is used; otherwise a default layout is used.
.Ss Editing an Existing Disk Label
To edit an existing disk label, use the form
.Pp
.Nm
.Fl e
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk
.Pp
This command opens the disk label in the default editor, and when the editor
exits, the label is validated and if OK written to disk.
.Ss Restoring a Disk Label From a File
To restore a disk label from a file, use the form
.Pp
.Nm
.Fl R
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk protofile
.Pp
.Nm
is capable of restoring a disk label that was previously saved in a file in
.Tn ASCII
format.
The prototype file used to create the label should be in the same format as that
produced when reading or editing a label.
Comments are delimited by
.Ql #
and newline.
.Ss Installing Bootstraps
If the
.Fl B
argument is specified, bootstrap code will be read from the file
.Pa /boot/boot
and written to the disk.
The
.Fl b Ar boot
argument allows a different file to be used.
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/disktab" -compact
.It Pa /boot/boot
Default boot image.
.It Pa /etc/disktab
Disk description file.
.El
.Sh SAVED FILE FORMAT
The
.Nm
utility
uses an
.Tn ASCII
version of the label when examining, editing, or restoring a disk
label.
The format is:
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 81920 16 4.2BSD 2048 16384 5128
b: 1091994 81936 swap
c: 1173930 0 unused 0 0 # "raw" part, don't edit
.Ed
.Pp
If the
.Fl A
option is specified, the format is:
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
# /dev/da1c:
type: SCSI
disk: da0s1
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 51
tracks/cylinder: 19
sectors/cylinder: 969
cylinders: 1211
sectors/unit: 1173930
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # milliseconds
track-to-track seek: 0 # milliseconds
drivedata: 0
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 81920 16 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16
b: 160000 81936 swap
c: 1173930 0 unused 0 0 # "raw" part, don't edit
.Ed
.Pp
Lines starting with a
.Ql #
mark are comments.
.Pp
The partition table can have up to 8 entries.
It contains the following information:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Ar #
The partition identifier is a single letter in the range
.Ql a
to
.Ql h .
By convention, partition
.Ql c
is reserved to describe the entire disk.
.It Ar size
The size of the partition in sectors,
.Cm K
(kilobytes - 1024),
.Cm M
(megabytes - 1024*1024),
.Cm G
(gigabytes - 1024*1024*1024),
.Cm %
(percentage of free space
.Em after
removing any fixed-size partitions other than partition
.Ql c ) ,
or
.Cm *
(all remaining free space
.Em after
fixed-size and percentage partitions).
For partition
.Ql c ,
a size of
.Cm *
indicates the entire disk.
Lowercase versions of
.Cm K , M ,
and
.Cm G
are allowed.
Size and type should be specified without any spaces between them.
.Pp
Example: 2097152, 1G, 1024M and 1048576K are all the same size
(assuming 512-byte sectors).
.It Ar offset
The offset of the start of the partition from the beginning of the
drive in sectors, or
.Cm *
to have
.Nm
calculate the correct offset to use (the end of the previous partition plus
one, ignoring partition
.Ql c .
For partition
.Ql c ,
.Cm *
will be interpreted as an offset of 0.
The first partition should start at offset 16, because the first 16 sectors are
reserved for metadata.
.It Ar fstype
Describes the purpose of the partition.
The example shows all currently used partition types.
For
.Tn UFS
file systems and
.Xr ccd 4
partitions, use type
.Cm 4.2BSD .
For Vinum drives, use type
.Cm vinum .
Other common types are
.Cm swap
and
.Cm unused .
By convention, partition
.Ql c
represents the entire slice and should be of type
.Cm unused ,
though
.Nm
does not enforce this convention.
The
.Nm
utility
also knows about a number of other partition types,
none of which are in current use.
(See the definitions starting with
.Dv FS_UNUSED
in
.In sys/disklabel.h
for more details.)
.It Ar fsize
For
.Cm 4.2BSD
file systems only, the fragment size; see
.Xr newfs 8 .
.It Ar bsize
For
.Cm 4.2BSD
file systems only, the block size; see
.Xr newfs 8 .
.It Ar bps/cpg
For
.Cm 4.2BSD
file systems, the number of cylinders in a cylinder group; see
.Xr newfs 8 .
.El
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Dl "bsdlabel da0s1"
.Pp
Display the label for the first slice of the
.Pa da0
disk, as obtained via
.Pa /dev/da0s1 .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel da0s1 > savedlabel"
.Pp
Save the in-core label for
.Pa da0s1
into the file
.Pa savedlabel .
This file can be used with the
.Fl R
option to restore the label at a later date.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -w /dev/da0s1"
.Pp
Create a label for
.Pa da0s1 .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -e da0s1"
.Pp
Read the label for
.Pa da0s1 ,
edit it, and install the result.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -e -n da0s1"
.Pp
Read the on-disk label for
.Pa da0s1 ,
edit it, and display what the new label would be (in sectors).
It does
.Em not
install the new label either in-core or on-disk.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -w da0s1"
.Pp
Write a default label on
.Pa da0s1 .
Use another
.Nm Fl e
command to edit the
partitioning and file system information.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -R da0s1 savedlabel"
.Pp
Restore the on-disk and in-core label for
.Pa da0s1
from information in
.Pa savedlabel .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -R -n da0s1 label_layout"
.Pp
Display what the label would be for
.Pa da0s1
using the partition layout in
.Pa label_layout .
This is useful for determining how much space would be allotted for various
partitions with a labeling scheme using
.Cm % Ns -based
or
.Cm *
partition sizes.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -B da0s1"
.Pp
Install a new bootstrap on
.Pa da0s1 .
The boot code comes from
.Pa /boot/boot .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -w -B -b newboot /dev/da0s1"
.Pp
Install a new label and bootstrap.
The bootstrap code comes from the file
.Pa newboot
in the current working directory.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 bs=512 count=32
fdisk -BI da0
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0s1 bs=512 count=32
bsdlabel -w -B da0s1
bsdlabel -e da0s1
.Ed
.Pp
Completely wipe any prior information on the disk, creating a new bootable
disk with a
.Tn DOS
partition table containing one slice, covering the whole disk.
Initialize the label on this slice,
then edit it.
The
.Xr dd 1
commands are optional, but may be necessary for some
.Tn BIOS Ns es
to properly
recognize the disk.
.Pp
This is an example disk label that uses some of the new partition size types
such as
.Cm % , M , G ,
and
.Cm * ,
which could be used as a source file for
.Dq Li "bsdlabel -R ad0s1c new_label_file" :
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
# /dev/ad0s1c:
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 400M 16 4.2BSD 4096 16384 75 # (Cyl. 0 - 812*)
b: 1G * swap
c: * * unused
e: 204800 * 4.2BSD
f: 5g * 4.2BSD
g: * * 4.2BSD
.Ed
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
The kernel device drivers will not allow the size of a disk partition
to be decreased or the offset of a partition to be changed while it is open.
.Sh COMPATIBILITY
Due to the use of an
.Vt u_int32_t
to store the number of sectors,
.Bx
labels are restricted to a maximum of 2^32-1 sectors.
This usually means 2TB of disk space.
Larger disks should be partitioned using another method such as
.Xr gpt 8 .
.Pp
The various
.Bx Ns s
all use slightly different versions of
.Bx
labels and
are not generally compatible.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr ccd 4 ,
.Xr geom 4 ,
.Xr md 4 ,
.\" Xr bsdlabel 5 ,
.Xr disktab 5 ,
.Xr boot0cfg 8 ,
.Xr fdisk 8 ,
.Xr gpt 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" Symmetric Computer Systems.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\" without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" @(#)disklabel.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
.\" %FreeBSD: src/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8,v 1.60.2.3 2006/10/16 12:07:45 ru Exp %
.\" $FreeBSDru$
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd 13 ÏËÔÑÂÒÑ 2006
.Dt BSDLABEL 8
.Os
.Sh îáú÷áîéå
.Nm bsdlabel
.Nd õÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ É ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÉÓËÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ BSD
.Sh óéîôáëóéó
.Nm
.Op Fl A
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Nm
.Fl w
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl B Op Fl b Ar boot
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Op Ar type
.Nm
.Fl e
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl B Op Fl b Ar boot
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Nm
.Fl R
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl B Op Fl b Ar boot
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Op Fl f
.Ar disk | Fl f Ar file
.Ar protofile
.Sh ïðéóáîéå
The
.Nm
ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ,
ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ
.Bx
ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÄÉÓËÁ ÉÌÉ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ
ÏÂÒÁÚ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ.
ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÍÏÖÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË
ËÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ
.Nm .
.Ss îÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
ðÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ× (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
.Fl f
ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ)
ÐÒÅÆÉËÓ
.Pa /dev/
ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÕÝÅÎ -
.Nm
ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔ ÅÇÏ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.
.Ss ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ:
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
.Fl A
×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ
.Bx .
åÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎ, ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.
.Pp
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
.Fl f
ÄÁÅÔ
.Nm
ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
.Pp
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
.Fl n
ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ
.Nm
ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÄÉÓË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ É ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎ,
×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË ÉÌÉ × ÆÁÊÌ.
.Pp
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
.Fl m Ar machine
ÚÁÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
.Nm
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓ×ÕÀÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÎÙÍ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁÍ.
÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
.Cm i386 , amd64 , ia64 , pc98 ,
É
.Cm alpha .
åÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÐÕÝÅÎ
.Nm
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÅ
ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÏÎ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ.
.Ss þÔÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ
äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
.Nm
ÂÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×:
.Pp
.Nm
.Op Fl A
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk
.Pp
ÇÄÅ
.Ar disk
ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, É ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎ × ×ÉÄÅ
.Pa da0
ÉÌÉ
.Pa /dev/da0 .
üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ.
.Ss úÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ
äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ × ÆÏÒÍÅ
.Pp
.Nm
.Fl w
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk
.Op Ar type
.Pp
åÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÔÉÐ ÔÉÓËÁ, ÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ
ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
.Xr disktab 5 ,
× ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
.Ss òÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ
þÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
.Pp
.Nm
.Fl e
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk
.Pp
üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÏÔËÒÏÅÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, Á ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÚÁËÒÙÔÉÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÁ É, ÅÓÌÉ ÅÅ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ
ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÅÒÅÎ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
.Ss ÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
þÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
.Pp
.Nm
.Fl R
.Op Fl \&An
.Op Fl m Ar machine
.Ar disk protofile
.Pp
.Nm
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÁÑ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÁ
× ÆÁÊÌ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ
.Tn ASCII .
üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÖÅ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ËÁË É ÔÏÔ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ
×Ù×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ.
ëÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏ ÓÚÎÁËÁ
.Ql #
É ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.
.Ss õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.
åÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ
.Fl B
ËÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
.Pa /boot/boot
É ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
.Fl b Ar boot
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ Ó ËÏÄÏÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.
.Sh æáêìù
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/disktab" -compact
.It Pa /boot/boot
úÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
.It Pa /etc/disktab
æÁÊÌ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×.
.El
.Sh æÏÒÍÁÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
õÔÉÌÉÔÁ
.Nm
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
.Tn ASCII
ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ËÏÇÄÁ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ, ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÉÌÉ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ.
æÏÒÍÁÔ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
8 partitions:
# ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÔÉÐ æó [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 81920 16 4.2BSD 2048 16384 5128
b: 1091994 81936 swap
c: 1173930 0 unused 0 0 # ÒÁÚÄÅÌ "ÃÅÌÉËÏÍ",
#ÎÅ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ!
.Ed
.Pp
åÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ
.Fl A
ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
# /dev/da1c:
type: SCSI
disk: da0s1
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 51
tracks/cylinder: 19
sectors/cylinder: 969
cylinders: 1211
sectors/unit: 1173930
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # ÍÉÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄÙ
track-to-track seek: 0 # ÍÉÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄÙ
drivedata: 0
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 81920 16 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16
b: 160000 81936 swap
c: 1173930 0 unused 0 0 # "raw" part, don't edit
.Ed
.Pp
óÔÒÏËÉ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ
.Ql #
ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÍÉ.
.Pp
ôÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏ 8 ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ
ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Ar #
éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ. ïÄÎÁ ÌÁÔÉÎÓËÁÑ ÂÕË×Á × ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÅ ÏÔ
.Ql a
ÄÏ
.Ql h .
ðÏ ÄÏÇÏ×ÏÒÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
.Ql c
ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎ É ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË.
.It Ar size
òÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ × ÓÅËÔÏÒÁÈ
.Cm K
(ËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔÁÈ - 1024),
.Cm M
(ÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ - 1024*1024),
.Cm G
(ÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ - 1024*1024*1024),
.Cm %
(ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÁÈ
.Em ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× Ó ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ËÒÏÍÅ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
.Ql c ) ,
ÉÌÉ
.Cm *
(×ÓÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÅÅÓÑ
.Em ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× Ó ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ ×
ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÁÈ).
äÌÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
.Ql c ,
ÚÎÁË
.Cm *
ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË.
äÏÂÕÓÔÉÍÙ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ
.Cm K , M ,
É
.Cm G
× ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ.
òÁÚÍÅÒ É ÔÉÐ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ ÂÅÚ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÏ× ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÐÏÌÑ.
.Pp
ðÒÉÍÅÒ: 2097152, 1G, 1024M É 1048576K ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ
(ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ - 512 ÂÁÊÔ).
.It Ar offset
óÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÄÉÓËÁ × ÓÅËÔÏÒÁÈ, ÉÌÉ
.Cm *
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
.Nm
ÐÏÄÓÞÉÔÁÌÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ (ËÏÎÅà ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÌÀÓ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÁ,
ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
.Ql c
ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ).
äÌÑ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
.Ql c ,
.Cm *
ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÅ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ. ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ 16,
ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ 16 ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ× ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙ ÄÌÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
.It Ar fstype
ïÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÉÐ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ.
óÐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×:
ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
.Tn UFS
É
.Xr ccd 4
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ
.Cm 4.2BSD .
äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ× Vinum ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ
.Cm vinum .
ë ÐÒÏÞÉÍ ÔÉÐÁÍ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ
.Cm swap
É
.Cm unused .
ðÏ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ
.Ql c
ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ×ÅÓØ ÓÌÁÊÓ É ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÔÉÐ
.Cm unused ,
ÈÏÔÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ
.Nm
ÎÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎÁ Ë ÜÔÏÊ ÕÓÌÏ×ÎÏÓÔÉ.
.Nm
utility
ÔÁË ÖÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ Ï ÅÝÅ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÔÉÐÁÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×,
ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ × ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ.
(óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ Ó
.Dv FS_UNUSED
× ÆÁÊÌÅ
.In sys/disklabel.h
ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÑ.)
.It Ar fsize
ôÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ
.Cm 4.2BSD ,
ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁ, ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
.Xr newfs 8 .
.It Ar bsize
ôÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ
.Cm 4.2BSD ,
ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÁ, ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
.Xr newfs 8 .
.It Ar bps/cpg
ôÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ
.Cm 4.2BSD ,
ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÃÉÌÉÎÄÒÏ× × ÇÒÕÐÐÅ, ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
.Xr newfs 8 .
.El
.Sh ðòéíåòù
.Dl "bsdlabel da0s1"
.Pp
ðÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÓÌÁÊÓÁ ÄÉÓËÁ
.Pa da0 ,
ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ
.Pa /dev/da0s1 .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel da0s1 > savedlabel"
.Pp
óÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
.Pa da0s1
× ÆÁÊÌ
.Pa savedlabel .
üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ × ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ
.Fl R
ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -w /dev/da0s1"
.Pp
óÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÌÑ
.Pa da0s1 .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -e da0s1"
.Pp
þÉÔÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓ×Á
.Pa da0s1 ,
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ, É ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -e -n da0s1"
.Pp
þÉÔÁÅÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á
.Pa da0s1 ,
ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ É ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ (× ÓÅËÔÏÒÁÈ).
üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
.Em ÎÅ
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -w da0s1"
.Pp
úÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
.Pa da0s1 .
éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
.Nm Fl e
ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -R da0s1 savedlabel"
.Pp
÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å
.Pa da0s1
ÉÚ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
.Pa savedlabel .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -R -n da0s1 label_layout"
.Pp
ðÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁËÁÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
.Pa da0s1
ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
.Pa label_layout .
üÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
.Cm % Ns -ÎÏÊ
ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÉÌÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
.Cm * .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -B da0s1"
.Pp
õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï
.Pa da0s1 .
ëÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÂÅÒÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
.Pa /boot/boot .
.Pp
.Dl "bsdlabel -w -B -b newboot /dev/da0s1"
.Pp
õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË.
ëÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÂÅÒÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
.Pa newboot
× ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ.
.Bd -literal -offset indent
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 bs=512 count=32
fdisk -BI da0
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0s1 bs=512 count=32
bsdlabel -w -B da0s1
bsdlabel -e da0s1
.Ed
.Pp
ðÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÔÉÒÁÅÔ ×ÓÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË
Ó ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×
.Tn DOS
É ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÌÁÊÓÏÍ, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÝÉÍ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË. óÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ
ÓÌÁÊÓÅ É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.
ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ
.Xr dd 1
ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ
.Tn BIOS
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÔØ ÄÉÓË.
.Pp
ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ Ó
ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁÍÉ
.Cm % , M , G ,
É
.Cm * .
üÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁË ÆÁÊÌ-ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
.Dq Li "bsdlabel -R ad0s1c new_label_file" :
.Bd -literal -offset 4n
# /dev/ad0s1c:
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 400M 16 4.2BSD 4096 16384 75 # (Cyl. 0 - 812*)
b: 1G * swap
c: * * unused
e: 204800 * 4.2BSD
f: 5g * 4.2BSD
g: * * 4.2BSD
.Ed
.Sh äéáçîïóôéëá
ñÄÒÏ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÎÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ.
.Sh óï÷íåóôéíïóôø
ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÄÌÑ ÈÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ× ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ ÔÉÐÁ
.Vt u_int32_t ,
ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÁ
.Bx
ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÁ ÍÁËÓÉÍÕÍÏÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ×, ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÍ 2^32-1.
üÔÏ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÉÂÌÉÚÉÔÅÌØÎÏ 2 ÔÅÒÁÂÁÊÔÁ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á.
äÉÓËÉ ÂÏÌØÛÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÒÁÚÍÅÞÁÔØÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ,
ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
.Xr gpt 8 .
.Pp
òÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á
.Bx
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ Ò×ÚÍÅÔËÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅ ÐÏÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ
ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÉÍÙ.
.Sh óíïôòé ôáëöå
.Xr ccd 4 ,
.Xr geom 4 ,
.Xr md 4 ,
.\" Xr bsdlabel 5 ,
.Xr disktab 5 ,
.Xr boot0cfg 8 ,
.Xr fdisk 8 ,
.Xr gpt 8 ,
.Xr newfs 8
îáú÷áîéå
bsdlabel -- õÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ É ÚÁÐÉÓÉ ÄÉÓËÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ BSD
óéîôáëóéó
bsdlabel [-A] disk | -f file bsdlabel -w [-An] [-B [-b boot]] [-m
machine] disk | -f file [type] bsdlabel -e [-An] [-B [-b boot]] [-m
machine] disk | -f file bsdlabel -R [-An] [-B [-b boot]] [-m machine]
[-f] disk | -f file protofile
ïðéóáîéå
The bsdlabel ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ, ÞÉÔÁÅÔ ÉÌÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ BSD ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁÈ ÄÉÓËÁ ÉÌÉ × ÆÁÊÌÁÈ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ. ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË ËÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ bsdlabel.
îÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÙÈ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×
ðÒÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÉ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ -f ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ) ÐÒÅ-
ÆÉËÓ /dev/ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÐÕÝÅÎ - bsdlabel ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔ ÅÇÏ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ:
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ -A ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ BSD. åÓÌÉ
ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎ, ÁÄÅË×ÁÔÎÙÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ -f ÄÁÅÔ bsdlabel ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÄÉÓËÁ.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ -n ÐÒÅËÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ bsdlabel ÄÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÄÉÓË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎ É
×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎ, ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË ÉÌÉ ×
ÆÁÊÌ.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ -m machine ÚÁÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ bsdlabel ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓ×ÕÀ-
ÝÉÊ ÒÁÚÎÙÍ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÁÍ. ÷ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÙÍÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ñ×ÌÑ-
ÀÔÓÑ i386, amd64, ia64, pc98, É alpha. åÓÌÉ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÏÐÕÝÅÎ bsdlabel
ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÁÒÈÉÔÅËÔÕÒÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏ-
ÒÏÍ ÏÎ ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ.
þÔÅÎÉÅ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ
äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ bsdlabel ÂÅÚ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔ-
ÒÏ×:
bsdlabel [-A] [-m machine] disk
ÇÄÅ disk ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á, É ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÐÉ-
ÓÁÎ × ×ÉÄÅ da0 ÉÌÉ /dev/da0. üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÔ ÔÅËÕÝÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ.
úÁÐÉÓØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ
äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÔØ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ × ÆÏÒÍÅ
bsdlabel -w [-An] [-m machine] disk [type]
åÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÔÉÐ ÔÉÓËÁ, ÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÉÚ
ÆÁÊÌÁ diskta5), × ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌ-
ÞÁÎÉÀ.
òÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ
þÔÏÂÙ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
bsdlabel -e [-An] [-m machine] disk
üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÏÔËÒÏÅÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ × ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, Á ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÚÁËÒÙÔÉÑ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÅÎÁ É, ÅÓÌÉ ÅÅ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ
×ÅÒÅÎ, ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË.
÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
þÔÏÂÙ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
bsdlabel -R [-An] [-m machine] disk protofile
bsdlabel ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÉÓËÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÁÑ ÂÙÌÁ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉ-
ÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÁ × ÆÁÊÌ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ ASCII. üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÔÁËÏÊ ÖÅ
ÆÏÒÍÁÔ, ËÁË É ÔÏÔ, × ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÞÔÅÎÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÒÅÄÁËÔÉ-
ÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ. ëÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏ ÓÚÎÁËÁ `#' É ÎÏ×ÏÊ
ÓÔÒÏËÉ.
õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.
åÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ -B ËÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÞÉÔÁÎ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ /boot/boot
É ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎ ÎÁ ÄÉÓË. ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ -b boot ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ Ó
ËÏÄÏÍ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ.
æáêìù
/boot/boot úÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÏÂÒÁÚ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.
/etc/disktab æÁÊÌ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×.
æÏÒÍÁÔ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ
õÔÉÌÉÔÁ bsdlabel ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ASCII ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ËÏÇÄÁ ÞÉÔÁÅÔ, ÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÅÔ ÉÌÉ
×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ. æÏÒÍÁÔ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:
8 partitions:
# ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÔÉÐ æó [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 81920 16 4.2BSD 2048 16384 5128
b: 1091994 81936 swap
c: 1173930 0 unused 0 0 # ÒÁÚÄÅÌ "ÃÅÌÉËÏÍ",
åÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ -A ÆÏÒÍÁÔ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:
# /dev/da1c:
type: SCSI
disk: da0s1
label:
flags:
bytes/sector: 512
sectors/track: 51
tracks/cylinder: 19
sectors/cylinder: 969
cylinders: 1211
sectors/unit: 1173930
rpm: 3600
interleave: 1
trackskew: 0
cylinderskew: 0
headswitch: 0 # ÍÉÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄÙ
track-to-track seek: 0 # ÍÉÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄÙ
drivedata: 0
8 partitions:
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
a: 81920 16 4.2BSD 1024 8192 16
b: 160000 81936 swap
c: 1173930 0 unused 0 0 # "raw" part, don't edit
óÔÒÏËÉ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÁ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏÍ `#' ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔÓÑ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÑÍÉ.
ôÁÂÌÉÃÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÍÅÔØ ÄÏ 8 ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁ-
ÃÉÀ:
# éÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÔÏÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ. ïÄÎÁ ÌÁÔÉÎÓËÁÑ ÂÕË×Á × ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÅ ÏÔ `a' ÄÏ
`h'. ðÏ ÄÏÇÏ×ÏÒÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ `c' ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎ É ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ
×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË.
size òÁÚÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ × ÓÅËÔÏÒÁÈ KËÉÌÏÂÁÊÔÁÈ - 1024), MÍÅÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ -
1024*1024), GÇÉÇÁÂÁÊÔÁÈ - 1024*1024*1024), %ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÁÈ ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÕÄÁÌÅÎÉÑ ÌÀÂÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× Ó ÆÉËÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ËÒÏÍÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ
`c'), ÉÌÉ *×ÓÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ ÍÅÓÔÏ ÏÓÔÁ×ÛÅÅÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× Ó ÆÉË-
ÓÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÙÈ × ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÁÈ). äÌÑ ÒÁÚ-
ÄÅÌÁ `c', ÚÎÁË * ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË. äÏÂÕÓÔÉÍÙ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ K,
M, É G × ÎÉÖÎÅÍ ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÅ. òÁÚÍÅÒ É ÔÉÐ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ ÂÅÚ
ÐÒÏÂÅÌÏ× ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÐÏÌÑ.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ: 2097152, 1G, 1024M É 1048576K ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÏÄÉÎ É ÔÏÔ ÖÅ
ÒÁÚÍÅÒÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÓÅËÔÏÒÁ - 512 ÂÁÊÔ).
offset óÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÄÉÓËÁ × ÓÅËÔÏÒÁÈ, ÉÌÉ
* ÞÔÏÂÙ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ bsdlabel ÐÏÄÓÞÉÔÁÌÁ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉËÏÎÅÃ
ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ ÐÌÀÓ ÅÄÉÎÉÃÁ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ `c' ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ). äÌÑ
ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ `c', * ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÎÕÌÅ×ÏÅ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ. ðÅÒ×ÙÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÍÅÝÅÎÉÅ 16, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ 16 ÓÅËÔÏÒÏ× ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙ
ÄÌÑ ÍÅÔÁÄÁÎÎÙÈ.
fstype ïÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÉÐ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÁ. óÐÉÓÏË ×ÓÅÈ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×: ÄÌÑ
ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ UFS É cc4) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ 4.2BSD. äÌÑ ÄÉÓËÏ×
Vinum ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÉÐ vinum. ë ÐÒÏÞÉÍ ÔÉÐÁÍ ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ swap É
unused. ðÏ ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÀ, ÒÁÚÄÅÌ `c' ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ ×ÅÓØ ÓÌÁÊÓ
É ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÔÉÐ unused, ÈÏÔÑ ÕÔÉÌÉÔÁ bsdlabel ÎÅ ÖÅÓÔËÏ ÐÒÉ×Ñ-
ÚÁÎÁ Ë ÜÔÏÊ ÕÓÌÏ×ÎÏÓÔÉ. bsdlabel utility ÔÁË ÖÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ Ï ÅÝÅ
ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÔÉÐÁÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×, ÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÉÚ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ ×
ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ. óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ, ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ Ó FS_UNUSED
× ÆÁÊÌÅ <sys/disklabel.h> ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÌÅÎÉÑ.)
fsize ôÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ 4.2BSD, ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁ, ÓÍÏÔ-
ÒÉÔÅ newf8).
bsize ôÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ 4.2BSD, ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÂÌÏËÁ, ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ
newf8).
bps/cpg
ôÏÌØËÏ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ÔÉÐÁ 4.2BSD, ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÃÉÌÉÎÄÒÏ× ×
ÇÒÕÐÐÅ, ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ newf8).
ðòéíåòù
bsdlabel da0s1
ðÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÄÌÑ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÓÌÁÊÓÁ ÄÉÓËÁ da0, ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀ-
ÝÅÇÏ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Õ /dev/da0s1.
bsdlabel da0s1 > savedlabel
óÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á da0s1 × ÆÁÊÌ savedlabel. üÔÏÔ
ÆÁÊÌ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ × ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ Ó ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏÍ -R ÄÌÑ ×ÏÓÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅ-
ÎÉÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ.
bsdlabel -w /dev/da0s1
óÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÄÌÑ da0s1.
bsdlabel -e da0s1
þÉÔÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓ×Á da0s1, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ, É ÕÓÔÁ-
ÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ.
bsdlabel -e -n da0s1
þÉÔÁÅÔ ÄÉÓËÏ×ÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ Ó ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á da0s1, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ
É ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ× ÓÅËÔÏÒÁÈ). üÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ-
×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ.
bsdlabel -w da0s1
úÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ da0s1. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ bsdlabel -e
ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× É ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ Ï ÆÁÊÌÏ×ÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.
bsdlabel -R da0s1 savedlabel
÷ÏÓÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Å da0s1 ÉÚ ÓÏÈÒÁÎÅÎÎÏÊ ËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÁÃÉÉ
× ÆÁÊÌÅ savedlabel.
bsdlabel -R -n da0s1 label_layout
ðÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁËÁÑ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÚÁÐÉÓÁÎÁ ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï da0s1 ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÁ
label_layout.
üÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
%-ÎÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÉÌÉ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ *.
bsdlabel -B da0s1
õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË ÎÁ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï da0s1. ëÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÂÅÒÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ
ÆÁÊÌÁ /boot/boot.
bsdlabel -w -B -b newboot /dev/da0s1
õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ É ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉË. ëÏÄ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÞÉËÁ ÂÅÒÅÔÓÑ ÉÚ
ÆÁÊÌÁ newboot × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ÒÁÂÏÞÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ.
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0 bs=512 count=32
fdisk -BI da0
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/da0s1 bs=512 count=32
bsdlabel -w -B da0s1
bsdlabel -e da0s1
ðÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÔÉÒÁÅÔ ×ÓÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÎÁ ÄÉÓËÅ, ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÚÁÇÒÕÚÏÞÎÙÊ ÄÉÓË
Ó ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅÊ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× DOS É ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÓÌÁÊÓÏÍ, ÚÁÎÉÍÁÀÝÉÍ ×ÅÓØ ÄÉÓË.
óÏÚÄÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÁÊÓÅ É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÅÇÏ ÏÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ. ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ
d1) ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÁ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÁ ÄÌÑ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ BIOS
ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÔØ ÄÉÓË.
ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ ÄÉÓËÁ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ ÎÏ×ÙÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÕ
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# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
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b: 1G * swap
c: * * unused
e: 204800 * 4.2BSD
f: 5g * 4.2BSD
g: * * 4.2BSD
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